Lindsaea ensifolia
Lindsaea ensifolia Swartz var. ensifolia was first found growing in the wild around steam vents near Puhimau Crater along Chain-of-Craters Road, Volcanoes National Park, Hawai'i, in 1969 (Wagner 1971) . Originally, because of its unusual habitat in which it was found, it was thought to be native. Since its appearance, L. ensifolia has been found well established in widely scattered areas on Kaua'i (Hume 325, BISH), O'ahu (Wilson 1706, BISH), Maui (Hobdy 1746, BISH), and Hawai'i (Takeuchi 3584, BISH). Current characteristics of its growth and distribution in the Islands indicate that L. ensifolia var. ensifolia is, in fact, a recent immigrant. On Kauai, Tim Flynn informed me that it is persisting and spreading around recently abandoned homesites and may not yet have escaped from cultivation.
A large population of L. ensifolia is growing in an abandoned orchard on the northeastern side of Kahili Mountain Park, Koloa District, Kaua'i, together with the indigenous Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Smith. Here several individual plants of a hybrid between the two species, which has been described as XLindsaeosoria flynnii Wagner (Wagner 1993) , can be found. This is one of several hybrids between native and naturalized species found on the Islands.
